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AS MORE TECH START-UPS STAY PRIVATE, SO DOES THE MONEY   Not long ago, if you were a young, brash technologist with a world-conquering start-up idea, there was a good chance you spent much of your waking life working toward a single business milestone: taking your company public. Though luminaries of the tech industry have always expressed skepticism and even hostility toward the finance industry, tech’s dirty secret was that it looked to Wall Street and the ritual of a public offering for affirmation — not to mention wealth. But something strange has happened in the last couple of years: The initial public offering of stock has become déclassé. For start-up entrepreneurs and their employees across Silicon Valley, an initial public offering is no longer a main goal. Instead, many founders talk about going public as a necessary evil to be postponed as long as possible because it comes with more problems than benefits. “If you can get $200 million from private sources, then ...

हम उस शहर को जानते हैं जहां एचआईवी पहली बार उभरा था यह देखना आसान है कि 35 साल पहले अमेरिकी मेडिक्स का सामना करते समय एड्स इतना रहस्यमय और भयावह क्यों लगता था।  स्थिति ने युवा, स्वस्थ लोगों को उनकी मजबूत प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को लूट लिया, जिससे वे कमजोर और कमजोर हो गए।  और यह कहीं से भी बाहर आने के लिए लग रहा था।   आज हम अधिक जानते हैं कि कैसे और क्यों एचआईवी - एड्स की ओर ले जाने वाला वायरस - एक वैश्विक महामारी बन गया है।  अप्रत्याशित रूप से, यौनकर्मियों ने अनजाने में एक भूमिका निभाई।  लेकिन कोई भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका व्यापार की भूमिका नहीं थी, उपनिवेशवाद का पतन, और 20 वीं सदी का समाजवादी सुधार। यह वास्तव में कहीं से भी प्रकट नहीं हुआ था।  यह संभवतः पश्चिमी मध्य अफ्रीका में बंदरों और वानरों को प्रभावित करने वाले वायरस के रूप में शुरू हुआ।  वहाँ से यह कई अवसरों पर मनुष्यों में कूद गया, शायद इसलिए कि लोगों ने संक्रमित  बुशमेट  खाया  ।  कुछ लोग एचआईवी के एक संस्करण को निकट से ले जाते हैं जो कालिख  मंगाबी  में देखा जाता है उदाह...

The real risks of artificial intelligence If you believe some AI-watchers, we are racing towards the Singularity – a point at which artificial intelligence outstrip s our own and machines go on to improve themselves at an exponential rate. If that happens – and it’s a big if – what will become of us? In the last few years, several high-profile voices, from Stephen Hawking to Elon Musk and Bill Gates have warned that we should be more concerned about possible dangerous outcomes of super smart AI. And they’ve put their money where their mouth is: Musk is among several billionaire backers of OpenAI, an organization dedicated to developing AI that will benefit humanity. But for many, such fears are overblown. As Andrew Ng at Stanford University, who is also chief scientist at Chinese internet giant Baidu, puts it: fearing a rise of killer robots is like worrying about overpopulation on Mars. That’s not to say our increasing reliance on AI does not carry real risks, however. I...

Alfred Nobel Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honouring men and women from   all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833. His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. In connection with his construction work Immanuel Nobel also experimented   with different techniques for blasting rocks. Successful   in his industrial and business ventures, Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St. Petersburg. There,   his sons were given a first-class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences, languages and literature. By the age of 17, Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, Fren...